Flender/Flender Gear Units/Helical speed reducer H4
ion in 1 to $1.1 billion in 1, an increase of 9 percent The increase as measured in francs was

only 3 percent Major export markets include West Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain; exports outside the EC are

limited. French producers stated that major problem in entering the .. market is the language barrier. Other problems include the

use of inches instead of meters, product liability insurance costs, and the distribution system that is necessary to sell in

the United States. Additionally, the .. aerospace market has its own manufacturing and quality specifications that are difficult to assimilate. 5 Research and development Most French firms are too small to have their own & facilities or to fund &Dprojects individually. Larger firms and producers of vehicle gearing, however, typically conduct their own proprietary research. As result, much of the research that is conducted in France is done either in universities or by one of France' leading industrial research institutions, such as the Technical Research Center of the Mechanical Engineering Industry (CETIM). 5 Located in the cities of Senlis, Nantes, and St. Etienne, CETIM was established in 1 to bolster the international competitiveness of French manufacturers. CETIM monitors and collects scientific and technical information, conducts research and development projects, and strives to transfer new discovenes and its accumulated knowledge to French industry. Areas of recent research activities include machine tools, " Ibid. " Ibid. " Centre Technique des Industries Mecaniques. Table 5-8 Gears and gearing: French shipments, exports, imports, and apparent consumption, 1-8 Year Shipments Exports Apparent Imports consumption Ratio (percent) of Imports to consumption Value (million dollars) 1 1,0.8 5.0 2.6 7.4 3.2 1 1,0.0 5.9 3.6 7.7 3.4 1 1,5.8 8.1 4.6 1,1.3 3.4 1 1,8.5 1,0.7 5.9 1,2.7 4.6 1 2,1.5 1,1.1 6.4 1,6.8 3.7 Value (billion francs) 1 9,