Flender/Flender Gear Units/Helical speed reduction gearbox H3
content. Existing grading systems allocate the same price for range of moisture content in particular class, and determine moisture content

on wet basis. Hence, for dry wheat, the same price prevails up to 1.5% moisture.The producer, therefore, does not receive

the real value for his grain, and thishas also resulted in producers increasing their returns by rewetting the grainand delivering

it near the maximum of the allowable level. Grain with high-moisture content reduces the throughput, in addition to greater risk

of spoilage in storage, or the additional cost of drying. Efforts at selling grain on dry- matter basis have not found favor with the grain industry (Hill, . For exam-ple, in the United States, as far back as 1 (Hill, , proposal for sellinggrain on dry-matter basis did not receive any response from the grain industry,and when the proposal surfaced again, in 1, the industry strongly opposedit, and continues to do so. 3. The variations in measurement of specic criteria for grains in various countries also creates confusion in the minds of buyers. For example, use of 2.0-mm screen instead of 1.6-mm screen may result in differences of over 5% in thedetermination of shrunken and broken wheat kernels in shipment. Internationalstandardization procedure are not likely to evolve, mainly owing to diversityin perception of what constitutes quality, and differences in denitions of factors Grain-Grading Systems 5 used to determine grade. The Codex Alimentarius Commission was created in 1, under charter of the United Nations (Hill, to establish uniformstandards for many products and commodities, but little progress was made onadopting international standards for grains. Agreement has not been achieved,even on fundamental issues, such as measurement of moisture content, or its denition for setting grain standards. 9 CONCLUSION The major grading factors, such as test weight, moisture content, and foreign material, are common to all of the three grading sy