Bevel-helical gear Reduction Box B3 Flender GmbH Flender MD Helical gear units B3-SH-15-A

Flender/Flender Gear Units/Bevel-helical gear Reduction Box B3

oaded outside port areas. On land, they can be transported on atbed trailers or on railroad atcars.However, the large capital cost of marine containers requires that their usage rate be rela-tively high. Other limitations of marine containers are the difculty of gathering at singlelocation of enough cargo to ll container or of enough containers requiring similar naldestination. Nevertheless, the degree of containerization is increasing on intercontinentalmaritime routes. For example, more than 9% of perishable foodstuffs carried on the North AmericaWestern Europe routes are containerized (International Institute of Refrigera- tion, . Vehicles used for land transport, such as trucks, semitrailers, trailers, and railroad cars, can also travel on board RORO ships as long as they are equipped with self-contained refrigeration system. These vehicles are either rolled on ramps or lifted verticallyonto the ship. Immobilizing these vehicles on the ship is an expensive operation, and thus this form of intermodal transport is more suitable for short crossings between longer jour- neys on land (International Institute of Refrigeration, . Refrigerated semitrailers or trailers can be transported on railroad atcars. However, only one trailer can be piggybacked on atcar at time. Road-rail containers, also calledswap bodies , can be carried on trailer chassis or on railroad atcars. However, these con- tainers must not be mistaken for sea containers. They are only used for bimodal transport that is on roads and railroads. These containers are not as sturdy as marine containers, therefore, they cannot be stacked when loaded. Road-rail containers are not suitable fortransport in container ships. However, sea containers can be single- or double-stacked onatcars when carried on railroads. Intermodal transfers require standardization of container dimensions, fastenings and ttings for lifting on and off truck chassis, railroad atcars, and ships holds or decks.Uniformity of dimen