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ions ( that review the general biology of ethylene ( 2H, including references to its role in postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables. Ethylene, which is produced naturally by many biological and nonbiological systems, isthe sole known plant growth regulator that exists as gas at normal biological tempera-tures. It can induce plant responses at very low concentrations (0.1 LL /H1or less), and has wide variety of effects on virtually all stages of plants life cycle (.., germination, vegetative growth, owering, fruiting, abscission, ripening, senescence, and dormancy).Ethylene is sometimes called the ripening gas, because its most important postharvesteffect is the acceleration of ripening and senescence. However, there are other postharvesteffects of ethylene, including induction or suppression of potato sprout growth, loss ofchlorophyll (degreening), and induction or suppression of disease resistance. Some of these effects are desirable and some are undesirable, depending on the intended use of the stored plant product. The presence and activity of ethylene in storage system maygo undetected if the storage operator does not appreciate its range of effects and/or doesnot have an ethylene detector. 4.1 Production of Ethylene 4.1.1 Biological Production There is published evidence of ethylene production by animals, bacteria, fungi, and both nonowering plants (.., algae and ferns) and owering plants (.., gymnosperms andangiosperms). In owering plants, all cells are capable of producing ethylene, but the rateof production may vary among cells and plant species. Horticultural commodities have been classied according to their ethylene production rates (. In owering plants, the formation of ethylene from methionine via the ACC pathway is now recognized as themajor source of ethylene, whereas nonowering plants do not possess ACC oxidase andproduce ethylene from other unknown pathway() when they are stressed or damaged(. In plant cells that are damaged or stre