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Technology, IPB, Indonesia. Wood GAR, and Lass RA, 1. Cocoa, Longman Scientic & Technical, co-published in the US with John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York. Conversion and Utilization of Biomass AMALENDU CHAKRAVERTY Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India 1 INTRODUCTION The biomass is the renewable and biodegradable organic matter generated through life processes. large quantity of biomass is produced annually by land and aquatic plants.There is also vast resource of lignocellulosic residues in the world that sometimes posesserious disposal problems (. The organic matter produced by plants has been in use since primitive times. Even in this modern age, rewood and wood charcoal are considered common commercialsources of energy all over the world, particularly in the third world. Wood charcoal used in the metallurgical and other industries cannot be produced by any chemical method as yet (. Alcohol, versatile organic base compound, is produced from biomass of highcarbohydrate content. The paper industry is also based on brous cellulosic biomass.Hence there is scope for the introduction of improved technologies of the conversion ofthe huge biomass resources into food, feed, fuel, energy, chemicals, and other value-addedmaterials. Development of viable technologies, recycling and efcient management of wastes, control of environmental pollution, and improvement of the quality of rural life should be the aims of these projects. The following rele