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e sieve. The bed pressure is typically 8 kPa (1 psi) (. The purity of the 2stream can range from 9% to 9.9%, depending on factors such as the pressure, temperature, and airow rate. After few minutes of operation the molecular sieve becomes saturated with 2. The 2may be removed by decreasing the pressure and venting the sieve (. Two molecular sieves are usually connected in parallel so that theoperation can be continuous: one is regenerated while the other is depleting 2from the supply stream. PSA systems can provide rates of 1 to 3 m3h/H1at 9% purity with Fig. 1 Amount of 2needed for the ushing of 2as function of the desired 2concentration and the standard free volume. 5 Rennie et al. Fig. 1 Schematic of pressure swing absorption system. compressors ranging from 3 to 1 kW, respectively (. The initial cost of the system is fairly high, and the system requires regular inspections. HFMS works on the principle that some gases can diffuse through membranes at higher rates than others. In the case of air, CO 2and 2have much higher permeation rates than 2. In HFMS, compressed hot air is forced into hollow ber membrane cham- ber. The 2and CO 2quickly pass through the membrane and are vented to the ambient air (Fig. . The concentration of 2increases, since 2does not pass through the mem- brane as quickly. The stream leaving the chamber is nearly pure 2and is fed to the storage room. The purity of the output may be changed by modifying the rate at whichthe 2stream leaves the chamber (. For CA storage, the aim is to produce an airstream of 9% to 9% 2(. The temperature of the air has an effect on the output of the system, which increases with higher temperatures (; however, it should be kept in mindthat the membrane can be damaged if the temperature is too high (. The air that is Fig. 1 Schematic of hollow ber membrane system. Cooling and Storage 5 used in the system should be ltered to prevent contamination of the membranes. The initial cost