Flender/Flender Gear Units/Helical gear unit H3
December 1, the .. Government announced Voluntary Restraint Agreements (VRAs) with Japan and Taiwan establishing import levels of machining centers,

milling machines, lathes, and punching and shearing ma- chines. The .. Government attempted to negotiate similar agreements with West Germany

and Switzerland. The agreements with Japan and Taiwan expire at the end of 1. 2 The .. Machine Tool Industry

and Its Foreism Competitors: Working Papers of the MIT Commission on Industrial Productivity, Vol. MIT CommissiOn on Industrial Productivity, 1,

. 3. 3 USITC staff interviews with officials of Klingelnberg and Gleason Corp., August 1. 4 USITC staff interviews with officials of Gleason Corp. and National Broach, August and November 1. Production and Consumption During 1-8, the value of shipments of gear-making machine tools declined by 6 percent and apparent .. consumption declined 5 percent (table -. 5 The decline in shipments is due, in part, to ( technological advances, including computer controls, that have more than doubled machine productivity, resulting in the need for fewer machines, or reduced .. demand; ( increased import competition; and ( the departure of several firms from the industry. .. imports as share of apparent consumption rose irregularly from 3 percent in 1 to 8 percent in 1, before decreasing to 7 percent in 1. .. imports of gear-making machine tools were valued at $4.2 million in 1. Imports from West Germany accounted for 5 percent of the total, Switzerland 2 percent, and Jap po an 1 percent. In 1, .. exports of gear-making machine tools (excluding used and rebuilt products and parts) 5 were valued at $3.5 million, down from peak of $8.1 million in 1. Exports of parts were valued at $4.5 million in 1. The relative strength of .. exports results from strong demand from West German and Japanese gear producers for state-of-the-art gear- making machinery. Gleason exports approximately 6 percent of its production of ge