Flender/Flender Gear Units/Helical speed reduction gearboxes H2
atedinternally. Titratable acidity assesses acid levels and is usually performed as juice sampletitrated to the phenolphthalein end point by sodium

hydroxide. With colored samples,titration to pH 8.2.3 with pH meter can substitute. Automatic equipment is widelyavailable to allow titration of

large numbers of samples. The results are commonly ex-pressed in terms of the dominant organic acid expected in the samplemalic

acid for apples or tartaric acid for grapes. For commodities expressing respiration climacteric during maturation (.., apples, melons) ethylene measurements

can be used as measureof maturity (Reid, . However, this procedure requires the use of gas chromatographand tends not to be rapid, simple, and economical. This restricts the use of ethylene as amaturity index to laboratory use. Grades for Fruits and Vegetables 4 Fig. 4 Starch test guide for harvesting British Columbia McIntosh apples. (From Lau, 1.) 5 PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Because of the wide variety of and possibilities for processed fruit and vegetables, the quality grades and standards are much more extensive and complex. For this reason thediscussion herein should be considered as general in nature and the detailed regulations consulted for specic answers on particular commodities or products. The Canadian grades and standards are discussed; the standards of both Canada and the United States are avail-able on the Internet (Table . The Processed Products Regulations of the Canada Agricul-tural Products Act sets out grades, grade names, and standards for both canned and frozenfruit and vegetables. Also, the act provides for inspection and registration of agricultural 4 Beveridge Fig. 5 Starch index values in McIntosh apples during maturation and ripening. (From Lau, 1.) product companies. fruit or vegetable for which standard is set out shall contain only the ingredients specied in the standard. There is provision for obtaining authorization totest market food product that doe