B4-KV10-B ipes to compensate vibrations from the main motor Bevel-helical gear boxes B4

Flender/Flender Gear Units/Bevel-helical gear boxes B4

vant points have to be taken into account during the feasibility studies of the biomass conversion technologies: Collection and handling cost Pretreatment and enrichment cost Lack of commercially viable technology Integration of biomass conversion processes for complete utilization of products and coproducts Lack of reliable biomass statistics Ecological balance 7 Chakraverty Table 1 Bulk Density, True Density, and Angle of Repose of Rice Husk and Bran Moisture content, Bulk density, True density, Angle of repose, Material percentage (..) kg/m3kg/m3degrees Rice husk 1.3 1.0 1.0 5.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 5.2 Rice bran 7.6 2.0 5.8 1.2 2.0 Source : From Refs. 3, 4, and 5. It is apparent that the improved biomass conversion technologies have great potenti- alities. Hence all aspects of biomass and its conversion technologies should be consideredthoroughly for commercial exploitation. 2 BIOMASS 2.1 Classication The biomass sources including solid wastes can be classied under the following catego- ries: 1. Crop residues and farm wastes 2. Forest products3. Agroindustrial wastes 4. Energy farm products 5. Aquatic biomass6. Marine products7. Animal wastes8. Municipal solid wastes9. Municipal sewage sludge Of these biomass sources, conversion and utilization of the rst three and part of the seventh items are discussed in this chapter. 2.2 Characteristics Some of the physical and thermal properties of common biomass are presented in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Table 2 Thermal Conductivity of Rice Husk and Bran Thermal conductivityMoisture content, Material percentage (..) kcal/(hm ) kW/(mK) Rice husk 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 Rice bran 7.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 Source : From Refs. 3, 4, and 5. Conversion and Utilization of Biomass 7 Table 3 Specic Heat ( Cp) of Rice Husk and Bran Specic heat ( Cp)Moisture content, Material percentage (..) cal/( ) kJ/(kgK) Rice husk 9.9 0.2 1.2 1.8 0.3 1.5 Rice bran 7.6 0.3 1.6 1.2 0.4 1.8 Source : Refs. 3, 4, and 5. 2.3 Biomass Conversion Generally the conver