Flender/Flender Gear Units/Bevel-helical gear Reduction Boxes B2
n the sterilizing potential of gamma-radiation emittedfrom cobalt-6 and cesium-1, or accelerated electrons of less than 1- energy froma cathode.

The treatment causes mortality as well as sterility in grain insect pests and theeffect occurs at all temperatures. Irradiation has

been permitted for use in food commodi-ties up to an overall average dose of 1 kGy by the FAO/IAEO/WHO Joint

Expert Com- mittee on wholesomeness of irradiated food (, and many countries have permitted the use of irradiation for disinfesting

grains. The major advantage in grain protection by irradi-ation treatment is that it leaves no chemical residues. The treatment is highly technicaljob, and the public is still wary about irradiated foods. There are only four pilot-plantirradiation facilities in the world (. Among the developing nations, commercial applica-tion of the technique in Indonesia for controlling . oryzae in milled rice in polyethylene polyester copolymer bags has been reported (. 4.1.8 Controlled Atmospheres Normal grain atmosphere consisting of 7% nitrogen, 2% oxygen, 0.0% carbon dioxide, and the balance argon and other gases can be altered either naturally, as in airtight (her-metic) storage, or by articial means by introducing carbon dioxide or nitrogen and burner Grain Storage: Perspectives and Problems 2 gas in sealed storage. In hermetic storage, oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide increase are brought out by the respiratory activities of the grain as well as the pests in the ecosys-tem (see Sec. 2.. The degree of control depends on the retention of insecticidal atmo-sphere, which is dependent on the storage structure and its airtightness. certain levelof grain damage is inevitable in hermetic storage. However, in storage of grain in sealed structures in an atmosphere wherein the gaseous composition is articially changed to become toxic to the pests, is variously called controlled atmosphere or modied atmo-sphere storage. The system protects the grain quality, contr