Flender/Flender Gear Units/Helical gear units H4
ile applying Siroo (, oraeration and application of protectants plus grain cooling, and admixture of insect growthregulator with contact insecticides,

are some of the combinations already tested and found effective. In view of the priority for nonchemical control measures, monitoring

of grain conditions and pest activity during the storage period has become essential to predict anydepredation or pest development and

to plan appropriate protection measures. Automationin monitoring and the linking of monitoring system to expert systems has gained promi-nence in

recent years. The expert systems need more inputs about the grain storage ecosys-tem from tropical or developing countries where the pest situation is acute and grain deteriorating factors are more favorable. Problems such as cuts in research grants and decline in number of storage entomol- ogists are affecting the progress of research in grain storage. Likely phaseout of methylbromide and widespread phosphine resistance are major impediments for the existing fu-migation technology. The repercussions of these constraints will be reected more in thedeveloping nations, which may lack either the expertise to implement advanced control system or the resources to change over from conventional control methods, or both. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS thank Mr. . . Majumder and Dr. . . Raghunathan for valuable comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript and Mr. . . Daniel for checking the minor mistakes in the manuscript. REFERENCES 1. World Bank. Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Coun- tries. World Bank Policy Study. Washington, DC, 1. 2. Jayas DS, White NDG, Muir WE. Stored Grain Ecosystems. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1. Grain Storage: Perspectives and Problems 2 3. Gewinner , Harnisch , Muck . Manual on the Preservation of Post-Harvest Grain Losses. GTZ, Eschborn. 1. 4. Sauer DB, ed. Storage of Cereal Grains and Their Products. American Association of Cereal Chemistry, St. Paul, MN