Flender/Flender Gear Units/Helical gear reducers H2
andigarh, India.) 4.1 Combine Types and Their Merits In harvesting grain and seed crops, the two most common systemsnamely, direct

com- bining and windrowing and combiningare followed. In each system, major operations performed in obtaining sound seeds or grains are

() cutting of eld crops and windrowing them; () picking up from the windrow; () conveying and feeding the cut

crops into thethreshing mechanism; () threshing or detachment of sound grain kernels and kernels fromhusk and pod; () separating the

grains or kernels from broken stalks (or husk), chaff,and straw; () cleaning the grains or kernels from chaff and other foreign leftovers; and() loading the grains in trailer or wagon. In direct-combining or straight-through combine harvester (Fig. , the cut materials are directly conveyed into the threshing cylinder during operation in the eld, whereas the windrowing-and-combining systemallows sufcient time to evenly dry the plant straw and unevenly ripened grains or kernelsbefore the threshing operation. Therefore, the reaping-and-windrowing operations are car-ried out several days (3 days) earlier than with the direct-combining method. In wind-rowing-and-combining system, the reel and cutter-bar header is replaced by pick-up attachment in the combine. The windrow is picked up gently by the pick-up header and then taken into the combine through crop-feeder conveyor (see Fig. for subsequentoperations. This system, however, reduces the weather hazards to the standing crop.Hence, the windrowcombine system requires an extra operation over direct combining,but each system requires the minimum labor input. The windrowcombine system is betterfollowed for heavy vegetative crops, such as alfalfa, grown for seed purpose and leftoversfor animal feed. Bainer et al. ( reported that the combine harvesting of 8% of barley, soybean, and wheat crops in the United States have been achieved since 1, because other methods of harvesting and threshing are costly, and requir