Bevel-helical gearboxes B4 e BSpace required for removing the heating elemen B4-FH-14-A

Flender/Flender Gear Units/Bevel-helical gearboxes B4

which is utilized in various industries. Moreover, rewood and charcoalare noncommercial sources of energy for cooking and heating in many developing coun-tries. By utilizing the vast agricultural residues and other biomass wastes of the world,the charcoal industry can make signicant contribution to humankind. The destructive distillation of biomass is the thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of air, whereas the thermal decomposition of the biomass in an inert atmo- sphere is known as pyrolysis . However, the major objectives of both are the same. Pyroly- sis or destructive distillation produces mixture of gases, tar, oils, acetic acid, methanol,and other organic compounds and solid residue containing the inerts of the waste anda char. The yields of pyrolysis vary with the heating rate and the nal exposure temperatureof the solid wastes. In general, the higher the heating rate and the higher the nal tempera- Conversion and Utilization of Biomass 8 ture, the greater is the conversion of wastes into gaseous and liquid products. The major objectives of pyrolysis of biomass are production of char/charcoal with higher caloricvalue than that of the raw biomass and production of less smoky, clean-burning char/charcoal and of more reactive fuel. However, there are disadvantages of pyrolysis: charred product may be so brittle that it is difcult to handle. sizable fraction of the energy in the raw feed is lost in the gas and liquid products.If the valuable by-products are not recovered, not only loss but pollution results. 5.1 Principles The following two denitions of charcoal are used: Charcoal refers to black, solid, nonlustrous residue, or amorphous carbon, from vegetable or animal substances; or coal made by charring wood in kiln orretort from which air is excluded (. Charcoal is the residue of solid nonagglomerating organic matter, of vegetable or animal origin, that results from carbonization by heat in the absence of air at temperature above 3